Scientific research has clearly demonstrated that water molecules interact with each other via hydrogen bonds. These interactions cause water molecules to temporarily organize themselves into preferred arrangements. In this context, the technical literature often refers to molecular networks or clusters.

These arrangements are not rigid, but dynamic. They arise, change, and continuously dissolve again. It is precisely this mobility that characterizes many of the well-known physical properties of water.

Scientific background

Investigations using spectroscopic methods such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy, as well as molecular dynamics simulations, show that water is not a random collection of individual molecules. Rather, it is a finely tuned system of constantly changing interactions.

These findings help to better understand the special behavior of water, such as its solubility, surface tension, and reaction dynamics. The clusters described are not isolated units, but snapshots within a continuous process.

Objective demarcation

The current state of science deliberately describes these molecular arrangements as temporary and situation-dependent. No conclusions can be drawn from this about permanently stable structures or specific health effects. Accordingly, no medical or therapeutic promises are derived from the term water clustering.

This restraint does not constitute a restriction, but rather corresponds to sound scientific methodology and a realistic assessment of the research results.

Classification at Evodrop

Evodrop refers to these scientific principles without simplifying or overstretching them. The focus is on comprehensible physical processes such as movement, flow, and dynamics of water. Statements about biological or health effects are deliberately not made.

• Structured water - University reveals secrets about water (PDF)
• Other scientific sources (PDF)
• Not all water is the same (Uni Basel) (PDF)

1. Pioneering work: Warner (1970)
   In his groundbreaking article "Structured Water in Biological Systems" (Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry), Warner showed that water in biological systems adopts ordered patterns. These patterns interact directly with biomolecular processes and underscore how central this organization is to living systems. (Source: PDF "structured water)
2. Fundamental models: Frank (1970)
   Another groundbreaking paper in Science analyzed the molecular structure of water and showed how water molecules can organize themselves into dynamic, structural networks. Frank thus laid the foundation for understanding the multidimensionality of water as a chemical and physical medium. (Source: PDF "structured water)
3. Structural networks: Neidle et al. (1980)
   This paper in Nature demonstrated highly structured water networks in DNA-dinucleoside complexes. These networks reveal how water interacts with biological macromolecules at the molecular level and supports their stability and functionality. (Source: PDF "structured water)
4. Specific molecular clusters: Kristinailyte et al. (2017)
   Using NMR and FTIR techniques, this study in the Journal of Molecular Liquids investigated the cluster formation of water molecules. It showed that water forms nanoscale structures that change dynamically under different conditions and exhibit specific properties. (Source: PDF "structured water)
5. Response to electromagnetic fields: Montagnier et al. (2015)
   Nobel laureate Luc Montagnier and colleagues demonstrated that water has the ability to receive electromagnetic signals and store them in specific molecular organizations. These results expand our understanding of the active role of water in biological processes. (Source: PDF "structured water)
6. Interactions due to external stimuli: Gramatikov et al. (1992)
   In the Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, research was conducted into how external factors such as temperature or chemical changes influence the molecular organization of water. These studies prove that water actively reacts to environmental conditions and dynamically adapts its molecular structure. (Source: PDF "structured water)
7. Networks and non-polar substances: Muller (1988)
   In a study in the Journal of Solution Chemistry, it was shown how water organizes itself around non-polar molecules. These observations illustrate the complexity of the molecular interactions of water. (Source: PDF "structured water)
8. Quantum effects in water: Del Giudice et al. (2005)
   The authors introduced a model of coherent quantum electrodynamics in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. They showed that the molecular organization of water is shaped not only by classical mechanisms such as hydrogen bonds, but also by quantum physical phenomena.(Source: PDF "structured water)
9. Surface interactions: Tarov et al. (2005)
   This work showed how hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces influence the molecular structure of water. The authors documented that water in contact with such surfaces forms ordered layers that are unique in their function.(Source: PDF "structured water)
10. Electrical properties: Tychinsky (2011)
    In a comprehensive analysis in the Water Journal, it was shown that water molecules in specific organizations have an exceptionally high electrical susceptibility, which indicates an extended molecular order. (Source: PDF "structured water)
11. Spectral signatures: Segarra-Martí et al. (2013)
    This study in Molecular Physics showed that molecular water organization generates specific absorption and fluorescence spectra that serve as molecular "fingerprints". This indicates the precision of structural dynamics in water. (Source: PDF "structured water)
12. Supramolecular architectures: Elia et al. (2016)
    Through targeted external stimulation, these authors created supramolecular architectures in water in the Water Journal. These structures exhibit a high degree of stability and complexity that goes far beyond simple molecular bonds.(Source: PDF "structured water)
13. Hydrogen-rich water clusters: Ignatov et al. (2024)
    A recent study in Water investigates cluster formation in hydrogen-rich water (HRW) using NMR and DFT analyses. The results show the formation of stable cluster structures that further substantiate the molecular dynamics and potential medical applications of structured water (Source: PDF "structured water)

Hydrogen bonds are considered a key structural feature of water and explain many of its well-known properties. However, they are not an isolated mechanism, but interact with other physical forces that influence the behavior of water at the molecular level.

Additional interactions discussed in research include:

Van der Waals interactions

These weak intermolecular forces contribute to the short-term stabilization of molecular arrangements and influence the spatial orientation of water molecules. They are routinely used in physical chemistry to describe collective effects.

Quantum physics models

Some theoretical works, including those by Del Giudice and colleagues, examine quantum physical approaches to describing the dynamics of water. These models are discussed as theoretical extensions of classical concepts and serve to improve our understanding of complex interactions, without being considered a generally accepted standard.

Electromagnetic influences

Individual studies address the question of how electromagnetic fields can influence molecular arrangements in water. Such work broadens our view of water as a physical system, but continues to be critically examined and scientifically classified.

surface interactions

It is well established that hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces can locally alter the behavior of water. Ordered molecular layers form in interface areas, which differ measurably from freely moving bulk water.

Scientific classification

The research projects mentioned above use established experimental and theoretical methods such as spectroscopy, model calculations, and surface analyses. They contribute to understanding water not as a simple liquid, but as a dynamic, reactive system.

This is an active field of research with different models and interpretations. The effects described are considered context-dependent and are not understood as universally stable states.

The term "structured water" and designations such as H3O2 or "hexagonal water" are used in various publications and marketing presentations to describe a supposedly special form of water.

The starting point for these descriptions is often the observation that the human body consists largely of water and that water occurs in highly organized environments within biological systems, such as cells.

This fact has led to the assumption that drinking water must also have a special, permanently ordered structure in order to be particularly beneficial to the body. This suggests that water molecules are organized in stable clusters and are therefore fundamentally different from ordinary H₂O.

Classification of the claimed advantages

Proponents of so-called structured water sometimes attribute improved hydration properties or easier absorption by cells to it. In addition, isolated effects such as increased energy levels, support for cellular processes, or easier excretion of metabolic waste products are claimed. However, there is no generally accepted scientific evidence to support these claims.

It is scientifically undisputed that water plays a central role in biological systems. However, this does not mean that drinking water must or can have a specific, permanently stable structure in order to fulfill these functions.

Reference to spring water

Structured water is often compared to natural spring water. It is argued that water acquires special physical properties as it flows over rocks, through pressure, movement, and mineral environments.

Such comparisons serve primarily to illustrate natural processes. However, they do not constitute proof that spring water or so-called H3O2 water has a clearly defined, stable special molecular structure.

From a scientific point of view, water changes continuously depending on temperature, pressure, movement, and environment. This dynamic is a fundamental characteristic of water and does not indicate a permanently "structured" state in the sense of specific cluster forms.

Role of alternative concepts

The popularity of the term "structured water" can also be attributed to trends in alternative medicine and related fields. In these fields, water is sometimes associated with concepts such as detoxification, reduction of oxidative stress, or harmonization of biological processes. Such concepts are often based on simplified or scientifically unproven explanatory models.

Link to anti-aging and performance enhancement
Another aspect of the hype is the assumption that structured water can slow down the aging process or increase physical performance. These ideas are usually based on effects on free radicals or cell metabolism. Again, there is no reliable scientific evidence to support this.

Classification from Evodrop's perspective

Evodrop clearly distances itself from such claims. Statements about structured water, H3O2, or hexagonal water are not understood as medical or health properties. Evodrop is based on verifiable physical principles of water treatment and deliberately avoids unsubstantiated or speculative claims.

Flowing water energizes minerals (Max Planck Institute) (PDF)

From a scientific perspective, there is well-researched evidence that water in biological systems, especially within cells, is not completely disordered. Rather, research shows that water molecules in close proximity to biomolecules can adopt certain ordered arrangements. This organization is context-dependent, dynamic, and part of normal cellular processes.

Ordered water layers on biomolecules

In human cells, water forms so-called hydration layers around proteins, nucleic acids, and other macromolecules. These water molecules are organized spatially and energetically differently than freely moving bulk water. Such hydration layers are an established component of biochemistry and contribute to the stability, folding, and function of biomolecules, for example in enzymatic reactions or the structural integrity of cell components.

Classification of the EZ water hypothesis

Biophysicist Gerald Pollack has described the concept of so-called exclusion zone water, in which water near certain surfaces forms an ordered zone that is partially excluded from dissolved substances. This hypothesis is being discussed and further investigated in the scientific community. It represents a theoretical approach that attempts to explain observations at interfaces, but is not generally accepted as proof of an independent, permanently stable state of water in the body.

The significance of orderly water arrangements

The fact that water is temporarily ordered in the vicinity of cell membranes, proteins, or other structures is considered to be part of normal physical-chemical interactions. Such arrangements enable efficient biochemical processes and support the functionality of cellular systems. However, no direct conclusions about specific health effects or therapeutic effects can be drawn from this.

Dynamism instead of stability

A key feature of these water arrangements is their dynamism. The structures are not permanently stable, but change continuously depending on temperature, charge conditions, molecular interactions, and cellular requirements. This flexibility is a fundamental component of biological systems and does not indicate a permanently "structured" state of water.

Classification from Evodrop's perspective

Evodrop makes a clear distinction between scientifically described water organizations in biological systems and speculative statements about structured drinking water. References to ordered water arrangements in cells are not understood as evidence of health benefits. Evodrop is based on verifiable physical principles and deliberately refrains from making medical or therapeutic claims.

Summary

Research shows that water in biological systems can be locally and temporarily organized, especially in the vicinity of biomolecules. This organization is part of normal physicochemical processes and is highly dynamic. No conclusions can be drawn from this about permanently structured water or specific health effects.

UV light is often used in water treatment to inactivate microorganisms. Short-wave UV radiation damages the nucleic acids of bacteria and viruses, preventing them from multiplying. This process is technically established and is used in particular in drinking water hygiene.

At the same time, it should be noted that UV treatment is exclusively a disinfecting measure. It does not alter chemical contaminants, remove pollutants, or affect the mineral composition of the water. Furthermore, UV light does not act selectively on microorganisms alone, but is generally a high-energy radiation that can influence the physical properties of water. Experts differ in their assessment of how relevant these changes are for the practical use of drinking water.

Evodrop therefore takes a different approach. Instead of treating water with high-energy radiation, EVOCharge relies on purely physical refinement through controlled flow and rotation. This sets the water in motion without chemically altering it or exposing it to ionizing radiation. This approach is based on natural flow processes and aims to optimize the physical dynamics of the water, not its biological or medical effects.

Evodrop expressly makes no statements about effects on cells, DNA, the immune system, or disease processes. Statements about water as a biological or therapeutic agent are avoided. EVOCharge is not a medical procedure and does not replace hygienic disinfection where this is required by law or for technical reasons.

Clarification of frequently cited concepts

In public debate, UV treatment and water refinement are sometimes linked to terms such as "information loss," "biophotons," or "cell water structure." These concepts originate from various scientific or theoretical approaches, but are not part of generally accepted drinking water standards and do not allow for reliable statements about the health effects of UV-treated water.

Evodrop expressly distances itself from such interpretations and limits itself to comprehensible, physically describable processes within the scope of water treatment.

If you have installed the EVOcharge compliant to the cold water system and after an efficient filter system (our recommendation: EVOfilter/EVOdrink), the EVOcharge is completely service and maintenance-free.

The EVOcharge is simply connected to our EVOfilter/EVOdrink or a similar filter system. Thanks to simple push-in connections, one hose is plugged into the inlet and one hose into the outlet of the EVOcharge.

The EVOcharge is easy to install. With the right hose connections, the EVOcharge can be installed very simply and without any manual skills.

As it flows through the EVOcharge, the water is subjected to an intense, controlled rotational movement. This movement increases the contact surface between the water and the ambient air, particularly in the area of the tap and immediately after the water emerges.

Under certain conditions, this can lead to more dissolved oxygen in the water. Measurements show that the dissolved oxygen content can vary depending on factors such as water temperature, source water, and flow rate.

The EVOcharge itself does not add oxygen to the water and does not change the chemical composition of the water. Observed changes relate exclusively to physical parameters, in particular mixing and contact with the ambient air.

The physical refinement of water produced by EVOcharge is based on controlled flow and rotation. This gives the water a changed movement and flow dynamic. These physical properties do not remain unlimited, but are dependent on external influences such as storage, movement, temperature, and contact with air or surfaces.

Observations on temporal stability

Under calm conditions, for example when stored in a closed container without renewed strong turbulence, certain physical properties of the water can be preserved for a limited period of time. The duration can vary and depends on the source water and the environmental conditions.

Comparison with other methods

Compared to purely passive methods such as static swirlers, stones, or carafes, where effects are often only observed directly in the vessel itself, the EVOcharge generates active flow dynamics. This allows the perceptible physical properties of the water to remain evident for a certain period of time after bottling, as long as there is no renewed strong mechanical influence.

Classification of external studies

Studies conducted by various institutes focus on describing the physical properties of water under different conditions. Such analyses provide evidence of differences between water samples, but do not constitute generally accepted proof of permanently stable water structures. Accordingly, these results are interpreted as observations and not as absolute or universal statements.

Clear demarcation

Evodrop makes no claims about permanently stable water structures over weeks or months, nor does it make any superlative claims in comparison to other water sources. Terms such as structure or refinement refer exclusively to the physical properties of the movement and dynamics of water, not to chemical, biological, or health effects.

Summary

The physical water refinement produced by EVOcharge is temporary and depends on the respective storage and usage conditions. It differs from static methods in that it actively generates flow without claiming to be a permanently fixed structure.

Due to its molecular properties, water exhibits exceptionally complex behavior. Water molecules are polar and constantly interact with each other via hydrogen bonds. In addition, other physical forces such as van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions come into play. This combination means that water is described not as a static medium, but as a dynamic system.

For decades, physical chemistry and molecular research have been investigating how water molecules temporarily combine to form larger structures. These short-lived structures are often referred to as clusters. They form and change continuously depending on environmental influences such as temperature, pressure, movement, surface contact, or dissolved ions.

Experimental and theoretical investigations

Established methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum chemical models are used to investigate these molecular arrangements. These methods show that water forms preferred arrangements of two, several, or even larger groups of water molecules in certain environments. Configurations involving several molecules are particularly frequently described, although these are not permanently stable states.

Influence of environment and dissolved substances

Research also shows that dissolved ions such as calcium, magnesium, or other minerals can influence the local organization of water molecules. So-called hydrate shells form around such ions, in which water molecules are arranged differently than in free bulk water. These effects are well described and form part of classical water chemistry.

Dynamism instead of fixation

A key feature of all the water clusters described is their dynamic nature. They are not permanently stable, but part of a constantly readjusting equilibrium. Changes in the physical or chemical conditions cause these arrangements to reform or dissolve again. Water thus continuously adapts to its environment.

classification

Scientific research confirms that water is highly dynamically organized at the molecular level and has short-term arrangements. However, statements about permanently "structured" water or specific health effects cannot be derived from this. The term structured water is therefore mainly used as a simplified description of complex physical processes.

Summary

Water is a dynamic system with temporary molecular arrangements that are investigated using modern measurement and modeling techniques. These findings deepen our physical understanding of water and are relevant to chemistry, materials science, and technical applications—without implying any medical or therapeutic claims.