Microplastics

Microplastics - definition, causes and consequences

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles less than five millimetres in size. They enter the environment for various reasons and have serious consequences for ecosystems and health.

Definition of microplastics

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles less than five millimeters in size. There are two types of microplastics: primary and secondary microplastics. Primary microplastics are deliberately produced, for example in cosmetic products, and are released directly into the environment. Secondary microplastics are created by the degradation of larger plastic particles in the environment, for example through UV radiation and mechanical impact.

Causes of microplastics in the environment

Microplastics enter the environment in various ways. A large proportion comes from waste disposal, for example through the decomposition of larger plastic parts in nature or through the abrasion of plastics in industrial production and recycling. Another part comes from cosmetic products such as peelings and toothpaste. The particles enter the environment via wastewater and are often not filtered out sufficiently.

Consequences of microplastics for the environment and health

Microplastics have serious consequences for the environment and health. The tiny particles are absorbed by living organisms, accumulate in tissue and can thus enter the food chain. This has an impact on the entire ecosystem. In addition, microplastic particles are often contaminated with pollutants that are also absorbed by living creatures and thus enter the food chain. In the long term, this can have an impact on the health of humans and animals.

Measures against microplastics

There are various measures to combat the spread of microplastics. One option is to ban or restrict the use of microplastics in products such as cosmetics. Avoiding single-use plastics and promoting recycling are also important measures. In addition, filter systems in sewage treatment plants can help to prevent microplastic particles from entering the environment.

Summary

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles less than five millimetres in size. They enter the environment for various reasons and have serious consequences for ecosystems and health. Measures against microplastics are important in order to reduce the spread of particles in the environment.